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U.S. Air Force General Atomics MQ-1 Predator Unmaned aerial vehicles (UAV)


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The General Atomics MQ-1 Predator is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used primarily by the United States Air Force (USAF) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Originally designed in early 1990 to identify and forward roles observation, the Predator carries cameras and other sensors, but has been modified and upgraded to carry and fire two AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and other munitions. The aircraft, used since 1995, has seen combat over Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bosnia, Serbia, Iraq, Yemen, Libya, and Somalia.I USAF Predator describes as «Tier II” MALE UAS (medium-altitude, long endurance Unmanned Aircraft System). The UAS consists of four aircraft, or “aerial vehicles” with sensors, a control station on the ground (GCS), and primary satellite link communication suite. powered by an engine Rotax and driven by a propeller, the air vehicle can fly up to 400 nautical miles (740 km) in an objective, generally loiter for 14 hours, then come home tou.Meta 2001, the RQ-1 Predator drone became the primary UAV used for offensive operations by the USAF and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Afghanistan and Pakistan’s tribal areas. He has also developed in other locations. Because it is classified offensive uses Predator, U.S. military officials have reported a appreciation for the skills and intelligence-gathering recognition of UAVs, but refused to discuss publicly aggressive use tous.Politikes applications have included border enforcement and scientific meletes.AnaptyxiEna Predator flies on a simulated Navy aerial flight identification off the coast of Southern California on December 5, 1995.I Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Pentagon began experimenting with the recognition unmanned aircraft in early 1980. The CIA preferred small, lightweight, unobtrusive drones, in contrast to the USAF. In early the decade of 1990, the CIA became interested in the “Orange”, a drone developed by leading Systems Inc. owner of the company, Abraham Karem was the former head designer for the Israeli Air Force, and had emigrated to the United States of late of 1970. The company had since gone bankrupt Karem purchased by a contractor of the U.S. defense. The CIA secretly bought five drones (now called “Mosquito”) from them. Karem agreed to produce a quiet engine for the vehicle, which had until then sounded like “a lawnmower in the sky.” The new development became known as the “Predator”. General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA), was responsible for the development of the Predator in January 1994, and the initial Advanced Technology Demonstration Concept (ACTD) phase lasted from January 1994 – June 1996. The aircraft itself was a derivative of GA gnat 750 UAV. During the ACTD phase, three systems have been purchased by GA, with twelve aircraft and three control stations on edafous.Apo April to May 1995, the Predator ACTD aircraft flew as part of the Roving Sands 1995 exercises in the U.S. Work exercise was successful, and this led to the decision to deploy the system in the Balkans after the summer of 1995. [9] During the ACTD, the predators out by a combined Army / Navy team managed by the Joint Program Office of the Navy unmanned aerial vehicles (JPO-UAV) and the first developed for Gjader, Albania, for firms in the former Yugoslavia in the spring of 1995.Me the start of the U.S. campaign in Afghanistan in 2001, the USAF acquired 60 raptors, and said that he had lost 20 of them in action. [Citation needed] Few, if any of the losses from the action of the enemy, the worst problem seems to be foul weather, particularly icy conditions. Some critics in the Pentagon saw the high loss rate as a sign of poor operational procedures. In response to the damage caused by cold weather flight, some of the later Predators obtained from the USAF was equipped with de-icing systems, along with an uprated turbocharged engine and improved avionics. This improved “Block 1″ version was referred to as the “RQ-1B”, or “MQ-1B” if it carried munitions; The corresponding name of the aircraft was “RQ-1L” or “MQ-1L” The Predator system was initially RQ-1 Predator. The “R” is the U.S. Department of Defense designation for the recognition and the “Q” refers to an unmanned aircraft system. [10] The “1″ describes it as the first of a series aircraft systems built for unmanned identifiers. Before the production systems were designated as RQ-1A, while the RQ-1B (not to be confused with the RQ-1 Predator B, which became the MQ-9 Reaper) is to develop production reporting. These are names of the system as a unit. The actual aircraft themselves designated RQ-1K for pre-production models, and RQ-1L for production models. [11] In 2002, the USAF officially changed its name to MQ-1 (“M” for multi-role) to reflect its growing use as an armed aeroskafos.Dioikisi aisthitironKata and systems throughout the campaign in the former Yugoslavia, a pilot predator will sit with several payload specialists in a truck near the runway of the base operation of unmanned aircraft. Direct radio signals controlled the drone takeoff and initial climb. Then contact shifted to military satellite networks linked to the pilot truck. Pilots experienced a delay of several seconds between pulls joysticks and the drone’s response. But by 2000, improvements in communications systems (perhaps using the JSTARS system of USAF) has allowed at least theoretically, to fly the drone remotely from great distances. It was no longer necessary to use close-up airwaves during takeoff and the rise of the Predator. The entire flight could be controlled by satellite from any command center with the right equipment. The CIA proposed to attempt over Afghanistan the first fully remote volatile Predator, led from the headquarters of the organization in Langley.O Predator air vehicle and sensors are controlled from a ground station via a C-band link line-of-sight data or Ku-band satellite data link for beyond-line-of-sight operations. During the flight crew of the station ground control is a pilot and two sensor operators. The aircraft is equipped with the Multi-spectral AN/AAS-52 Targeting System, a color nose camera (generally used by the pilot to control flight), a variable aperture day-TV camera, and a variable aperture infrared camera ( for low light / night). Previously, Predators were equipped with synthetic aperture radar for looking through clouds or fog, but the lack of validated manual removal to reduce weight and conserve fuel. The cameras produce full motion video images and radar synthetic aperture radar images produced static context. There is sufficient bandwidth for the datalink for two video sources to be used at a time, but only one video source from the ball probe can be used at any time due to limitations of design. Whether opening a variable daylight or infrared electro-optical sensor can be operated simultaneously with synthetic aperture radar, if yparchei.Ola later Predators equipped with laser indicator allows the pilot to identify targets for other aircraft and even provide the laser-guidance for manned aircraft. This laser is also the indication for the AGM-114 Hellfire that are carried by the MQ-1.Methodologia anaptyxisAV bodies at Camp Anaconda Balad, Iraq, Aug. 7 2007.Kathe Predator air vehicle can be disassembled into six main components and loaded on a container nicknamed “the coffin.” This allows all the system components and support equipment to be deployed rapidly throughout the world. The largest component is the control station on the ground and is designed to roll into a C-130 Hercules. The Predator primary satellite link consists of a measure is 6.1 (20 ft), satellite antenna and associated support equipment. The satellite link provides communications between the ground station and aircraft, when it is beyond line-of-sight and is a connection to networks that disseminate secondary intelligence. The RQ-1A system needs 1,500 by 40 meters (5,000 by 125 ft) of hard surface runway with clear line of sight to each end of the station ground control air vehicles. Initially, all the parts needed to be in the same aerodromioEpi Currently, the U.S. Air Force uses a process called “Remote-Split Operations” where the satellite datalink is located in a different location and connected to the GCS through fiber optic cables. This allows Predators to be purified and recovered by a small “Launch and Recovery Element” and then handed off to a “mission control” for the rest of the flight. This allows a smaller number of troops deployed to a position forward, and consolidate control of various flights in a thesi.Oi improvements in the production version of the MQ-1B includes ARC-210 radio, an APX-100 IFF / SIF with Mode 4, a glycol-weeping “wet wings” ice mitigation system be perfected turbocharged engine, fuel injection, longer wings, dual alternators and other veltioseis.Stis May 18, 2006, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a certificate approval, which will allow M/RQ-1 M/RQ-9 and aircraft must be used within the airspace of the U.S. civilian to search for survivors of disasters. Applications were made in 2005 for aircraft used in search and rescue operations after Hurricane Katrina, but because there was no FAA authorization in place at the time, the assets were not used. Infrared camera with a Predator digitally enhanced zoom has the ability to detect the heat signature of the human body from an altitude of 3 km (10,000 feet), making the aircraft an ideal search tool and more diasosis.I declassified Predator flight to date lasted 40 hours , 5 minutes. The total flight time has reached 1,000,000 hours by April 2010. [Edit] Armed develop ekdosiKontino shot Hellfire missiles pillar 2004.I USAF handed the Predator over the Big Safari office service after the Kosovo campaign, to accelerate testing of UAV in a strike role, fitted with reinforced wings and stores pylons to carry munitions, as well as an indication of the laser. This effort led to a series of tests on February 21, 2001, in which the Predator fired three Hellfire anti-armor missiles, noting successes in a fixed tank with three missiles. This scheme is operated by the armed Predators given the new designation of MQ-1A. As a predator is very subtle and Hellfire is supersonic, this combination gives little warning epithesis.To winter 2000-2001, after seeing the results of Predator Recognition in Afghanistan (see below), Cofer Black, head of the CIA Counterterrorism Center (CTC), became a “vocal advocate” of arming the Predator with missiles to target Osama bin Laden in the country. also believed that CIA pressure and practical interest was causing armed Predator program the USAF accelerate significantly. Black and “Richard”, who was responsible for the Bin Laden Issue Station of CTC, continued to press during 2001 for a Predator armed with missiles Hellfire.Peraitero weapons testing occurred between May 22 and June 7, 2001, with mixed results. While missile accuracy was excellent, there were some problems with missile fuzing ….” During the first week of June, in the Nevada desert, a Hellfire missile was launched successfully on a copy of Afghanistan Tarnak home of bin Laden. A missile fired from a predator exploded inside one of the rooms of the duplicate; It was concluded that any person in the room would have been killed. However, the armed Predator did not go into action before the attacks of 11 Septemvriou.I USAF has also been investigated using the Predator to drop sensors ground battlefield and carry and deploy the “Finder” mini UAV.NASA and NPGS unarmed versions erefnaDyo unarmed versions, known as the General Atomics ALTUS were built, ALTUS I for the Naval Postgraduate School and the Altus II for the project of NASA ERAST 1997 and 1996, respectively. [Edit] MQ-1C Warrior / Grey EagleKyrio Article: General Atomics MQ-1C Grey Eagle U.S. Army selected the MQ-1C Warrior as the winner of the Extended-Range Multi-Purpose UAV competition August 2005, and the press began operating in 2009.Leitourgiki istoriaRQ PredatorApo-1A in March 2009, the U.S. Air Force was 195 MQ-1 Predators and 28 MQ-9 Reapers in operation. [20] Predators and Reapers fired missiles 244 times in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2007 and 2008. A March 2009 report showed that U.S. Air Force lost 70 Predators in air crashes during its operational history. Fifty-five were lost to equipment failure, operator error, or weather. Four have been shot down in Bosnia, Kosovo or Iraq. Eleven more were lost in operational accidents in missions machis.Stis March 3, 2011, the U.S. Air Force received last MQ-1 Predator, in a ceremony on the flight operations facility General Atomics ». From its first flight in July 1994, the MQ-1 series has accumulated over 900,000 flight hours and maintained a fleet fully mission capable rate over 90 percent ekato.Moires monadesKata and operating the initial phase ACTD, the United States under the leadership of the Army program evaluation, but in April 1996, the Minister of National Defense selected the U.S. Air Force as the service functions for the RQ-1A system Predator. The 3rd Special Operations Squadron at Cannon Air Force Base, 11th, 15th and 17th Squadrons Recognition, Creech Air Force Base, Nevada, and 163 quinquies Wing Air National Guard Reconnaissance at March Air Reserve Base, California, currently operates the MQ- 1.The 2005, the U.S. Department of Defense recommended retiring F-16 Fighting 147th Fighter Wing Ellington Field is a fighter aircraft Falcon (total 15 aircraft), which was approved by the Base realignment and Closure Committee. Should be replaced with 12 MQ-1 Predator UAVs, and the new unit should be fully equipped and outfitted by 2009. Combat arm of the wing support will remain intact. The 272nd Engineering Installation Squadron, a unit of Air National Guard are now outside the base, will move into Ellington Field position tou.To 3rd Special Operations Squadron is now the largest Predator squadron in the United States Air Force Aeroporias.IPA Customs and Border Protection operates an unknown number of PredatoStis June 21, 2009, the United States Air Force announced it was creating a new MQ-1 squadron at Whiteman Air Force Base will be operational by February 2011. [26] In September 2011, the U.S. Air Guard announced that despite the current plans for budget cuts, will continue to operate against the Air Force UAVs, including MQ-1B. [27] [edit] In ValkaniaMia shot RQ-1 Predator at the Museum of Aviation in Belgrade ServiaI first mission abroad took place in the Balkans, from July to November 1995 under the name Vigil Nomad. Instruments based on Gjader, Albania. At least two Predators lost during Vigil Nomad, one of them hostile pyra.Arketoi others were destroyed during Operation Noble Anvil, the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia: An aircraft (serial 95-3017) was lost on April 18, 1999